17) “Like Germany, Italy too had a long history of political fragmentation.” Explain. 16) Highlight the role of Otto Von Bismarck in the making of Germany. 15) Write a short note on “The role of women in nationalist struggles”. 14) The period of 1848 is considered the phase of the Revolution of the Liberals in Europe. 13) Name the event that mobilized nationalist feelings among the educated elite across Europe in 1830-1848. 12) “The 1830s were years of great economic hardship in Europe.” Examine the statement by giving suitable examples. ‘Language is power, life and the instrument of culture, the instrument of liberation.’ justify the statement in light of the Nationalist sentiments in Poland, and Europe.Explain the role of language in developing national sentiments in Europe.11) Explain the ways in which nationalist feelings were kept alive in Poland in the 18th and 19th centuries. ‘Importance of culture – art, poetry, stories, and music help shape nationalist feelings.’ Justify the statement with respect to European nationalism.How did it facilitate the promotion of nationalist sentiment? 9) Write a short note on the Greek War of Independence. ![]() 8) Describe the role of Giuseppe Mazzini as an Italian Revolutionary. ![]() 7) How had Revolutionaries spread their ideas in many European states after 1815? Explain with examples. 6) What was the main aim of the Treaty of Vienna 1815? What were the main provisions of the Treaty of Vienna held in 1815? What did it mean for the middle class in France? Explain.
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